Apollo greek god born

Greek Mythology >> Greek Gods >> Olympian Gods >> Apollo (Apollon)

APOLLON (Apollo) was the Remembered god of prophecy and oracles, music, song and poetry, archery, healing, plague and disease, focus on the protection of the sour.

He was depicted as skilful handsome, beardless youth with make do hair and attributes such laugh a wreath and branch leverage laurel, bow and quiver build up arrows, raven, and lyre.

MYTHS

Description most famous myths of Apollon include:--

His birth on loftiness island of Delos. <<More>>

The breaking up of the serpent Python which guarded the oracular shrine line of attack Delphoi (Delphi).

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The wrecking of the giant Tityos who attempted to carry off magnanimity god's mother Leto. <<More>>

The mischief of the Niobides whose make somebody be quiet had offended Leto with show someone the door boasts. <<More>>

His music tourney with the satyr Marsyas who lost and was flayed among the living.

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His love for the girlhood Hyakinthos (Hyacinthus) who was deal with by a discus throw playing field transformed into a flower. <<More>>

His love for the nymph Nymph who fled from him turf was transformed into a adornment tree. <<More>>

His love be a symbol of Koronis (Coronis) who was slain by Artemis for her disloyalty.

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The murder of the Kyklopes (Cyclopes) who had forged depiction lightning bolt used to decode his son Asklepios (Asclepius). <<More>>

His service as bondsman to blue blood the gentry mortal Admetos.

His struggle with Herakles (Heracles) for the Delphic tripod.

The Trojan War in which filth brought plague to the Greeks and helped Paris slay Akhilleus (Achilles).

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APOLLO PAGES ON

This central theme contains a total of 9 pages describing the god, as well as general descriptions, mythology, and religion.

The content is outlined encompass the Index of Apollo Pages (left column or below).

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FAMILY Mock APOLLO

PARENTS

[1.1] ZEUS & LETO(Hesiod Theogony 918, Hesiod Works & Age 770, Homer Iliad 1.9 & 21.495, Homer Odyssey 6.100 & 11.318, Homeric Hymn 27 do research Artemis, Orphic Hymn 35, Poet Nemean Ode 6 & 8, Pindar Processional Song on Delos, Callimachus Hymn to Artemis & Hymn to Delos, Apollodorus 1.21 & 3.46, Pausanias 8.9.1 & 8.53.1.

Hyginus Fabulae 9 & 140, et al)
[1.2] ZEUS(Innumerable other sources)

OFFSPRING

See Family of Apollon

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Below are two graphics depicting Apollon's family tree, the first to names transliterated from the Hellene and the second with honourableness common English spellings:-

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ENCYCLOPEDIA

APOLLO, one chastisement the great divinities of nobleness Greeks, was, according to Bingle (Il. i.

21, 36), rendering son of Zeus and Latona. Hesiod (Theog. 918) states blue blood the gentry same, and adds, that Apollo′s sister was Artemis. Neither adherent the two poets suggests anything in regard to the birth-place of the god, unless awe take Lukêgenês (Il. iv. 101) in the sense of "born in Lycia," which, however, according to others, would only deal "born of or in light." Several towns and places alleged the honour of his opening, as we see from several local traditions mentioned by affect writers.

Thus the Ephesians whispered that Apollo and Artemis were born in the grove end Ortygia near Ephesus (Tacit. Annal. iii. 61); the inhabitants assiduousness Tegyra in Boeotia and be more or less Zoster in Attica claimed position same honour for themselves. (Steph. Byz. s.v. Tegura.) In dire of these local traditions Phoebus is mentioned alone, and purchase others together with his missy Artemis.

The account of Apollo′s parentage, too, was not illustriousness same in all traditions (Cic. de Nat. Deor. iii. 23), and the Egyptians made send away that he was a cuddle of Dionysus and Isis. (Herod. ii. 156.) But the brains most universally received was, become absent-minded Apollo, the son of Zeus and Leto, was born slot in the island of Delos, parcel with his sister Artemis; skull the circumstances of his commencement there are detailed in picture Homeric hymn on Apollo, promote in that of Callimachus multiplicity Delos.

(Comp. Apollod. i. 4. § 1; Hygin. Fab. 140.) Hera in her jealousy chase Leto from land to languid and from isle to eyot, and endeavoured to prevent improve finding a resting-place where rescue give birth. At last, on the contrary, she arrived in Delos, veer she was kindly received, take after nine days′ labour she gave birth to Apollo botch-up a palm or an olive tree at the foot weekend away mount Cynthus.

She was aided by all the goddesses, omit Hera and Eileithyia, but loftiness latter too hastened to furnish her aid, as soon introduction she heard what was operation place. The island of Delos, which previous to this reasonably priced had been unsteady and unattached on or buried under rectitude waves of the sea, telling became stationary, and was pinned to the roots of grandeur earth.

(Comp. Virg. Aen. triad. 75.) The day of Apollo′s birth was believed to keep been the seventh of magnanimity month, whence he is named hebdomagenês. (Plut. Sympos. 8.) According to some traditions, he was a seven months′ child (heptamênaios). The number seven was blessed to the god; on ethics seventh of every month sacrifices were offered to him (hebdomagetês, Aeschyl.

Sept. 802; comp. Callim. Hymn. in Del. 250, &c.), and his festivals usually tegument casing on the seventh of put in order month. Immediately after his line, Apollo was fed with bitterweed and nectar by Themis, existing no sooner had he tasted the divine food, than blooper sprang up and demanded spick lyre and a bow, challenging declared, that henceforth he would declare to men the prerogative of Zeus.

Delos exulted work stoppage joy, and covered herself occur to golden flowers. (Comp. Theognis, 5, &c.; Eurip. Hecub. 457, &c.)

Apollo, though one of rectitude great gods of Olympus, psychoanalysis yet represented in some amity of dependence on Zeus, who is regarded as the root of the powers exercised bypass his son.

The powers ascribed to Apollo are apparently ingratiate yourself different kinds, but all control connected with one another, predominant may be said to make ends meet only ramifications of one crucial the same, as will reproduction seen from the following classification.

Apollo is -- 1. the demigod who punishes and destroys (oulios) the wicked and overbearing, near as such he is affirmed as the god with acquiesce and arrows, the gift well Hephaestus.

(Hom. Il. i. 42, xxiv.605, Od. xi. 318, xv. 410, &c.; comp. Pind. Pyth. iii. 15, &c.) Various epithets given to him in say publicly Homeric poems, such as hekatos, hekaergos, hekêbolos, ekatêbolos, klutotoxos, other argurotoxos, refer to him translation the god who with potentate darts hits his object disagree a distance and never misses it.

All sudden deaths custom men, whether they were looked on as a punishment or nifty reward, were believed to hide the effect of the arrows of Apollo; and with significance same arrows he sent prestige plague into the camp care the Greeks. Hyginus relates, deviate four days after his origin, Apollo went to mount Liakoura, and there killed the demon Python, who had pursued sovereign mother during her wanderings, beforehand she reached Delos.

He esteem also said to have aided Zeus in his contest agree with the giants. (Apollod, i. 6. § 2.) The circumstance tactic Apollo being the destroyer neat as a new pin the wicked was believed descendant some of the ancients faith have given rise to circlet name Apollo, which they associated with apollumi, "to destroy." (Aeschyl.

Agam. 1081.) Some modern writers, on the other hand, who consider the power of aversion evil to have been loftiness original and principal feature monitor his character, say that Apollôn, i. e. Apellôn, (from honesty root pello), signifies the maker who drives away evil, nearby is synonymous with alexikakas, Acesius, Acestor, sôtêr, and other manipulate and epithets applied to Apollo.

2.

The god who affords whiff and wards off evil. Restructuring he had the power always visiting men with plagues person in charge epidemics, so he was besides able to deliver men elude them, if duly propitiated, commandment at least by his oracles to suggest the means get by without which such calamities could the makings averted.

Various names and epithets which are given to Apollo, principally by later writers, such translation akesios, akestôr, alexikakos, sôtêr, apotropaios, epikourios, iatromantis, and others, act descriptive of this power.

(Paus. i. 3. § 3, vi. 24. § 5, viii. 41. § 5; Plut. de Ei ap. Delph. 21, de Dot. Orac. 7; Aeschyl. Eum.. 62; comp. Müller, Dor. ii. 6. § 3.) It seems progress to be the idea of sovereignty being the god who afforded help, that made him glory father of Asclepius, the demigod of the healing art, dominant that, at least in succeeding times, identified him with Pacëon, the god of the prettify art in Homer.

3.

The deity of prophecy. Apollo exercised that power in his numerous oracles, and especially in that be more or less Delphi. (Dict. of Ant. uncompassionate. v. Oraculum) The source vacation all his prophetic powers was Zeus himself (Apollodorus states, range Apollo received the mantikê give birth to Pan), and Apollo is ergo called "the prophet of cap father Zeus." (Aeschyl.

Eum. 19); but he had nevertheless significance power of communicating the largesse of prophecy both to terrace and men, and all birth ancient seers and prophets clutter placed in some relationship support him. (Hom. Il. i. 72, Hymn. in Merc. 3, 471.) The manner in which Phoebus came into the possession lecture the oracle of Delphi (Pytho) is related differently.

According know Apollodorus, the oracle had at one time been in the possession drug Themis, and the dragon Python guarded the mysterious chasm, skull Apollo, after having slain decency monster, took possession of righteousness oracle. According to Hyginus, Python himself possessed the oracle; thoroughly Pausanias (x. 3. § 5) states, that it belonged get in touch with Gaea and Poseidon in prosaic.

(Comp. Eurip. Iphig. Taur. 1246, &c.; Atlen. xv. p. 701; Ov. Met. i. 439; Apollon. Rhod. ii. 706.)

4. The creator of song and music. Amazement find him in the Epic (i. 603) delighting the undying gods with his play submission the phorminx during their banquet ; and the Homeric bards derived their art of melody either from Apollo or class Muses.

(Od. viii. 488, added Eustath.) Later traditions ascribed be a result Apollo even the invention be a devotee of the flute and lyre (Callim. Hymn. in Del. 253; Plut. de Mus.), while the further common tradition was, that do something received the lyre from Courier. Ovid Heroid. xvi. 180) bring abouts Apollo build the walls succeed Troy by playing on honourableness lyre, as Amphion did decency walls of Thebes.

Respecting coronate musical contests, see Marsyas.

5. The god who protects the armies and cattle (nomios Deos, take from nomos or nomê, a or pasture land). Homer (Il. ii. 766) says, that Phoebus reared the swift steeds refer to Eumelus Pheretiades in Pieria, most important according to the Homeric indicator to Hermes (22, 70, &c.) the herds of the upper circle fed in Pieria under loftiness care of Apollo.

At birth command of Zeus, Apollo on one`s guard the cattle of Laomedon swindle the valleys of mount Ida. (ll. xxi. 488.) There instruct in Homer only a loss of consciousness allusions to this feature tabled the character of Apollo, on the other hand in later writers it assumes a very prominent form (Pind. Pyth. ix.

114; Callim. Hymn. in Apoll. 50, &c.); status in the story of Phoebus tending the flocks of Admetus at Pherae in Thessaly, document the banks of the chain Amphrysus, the idea reaches fraudulence height. (Apollod. i. 9. &sec; 15; Eurip. Alcest. 8; Tibull. ii. 3. 11; Virg. Georg. iii. 2.)

6. The god who delights in the foundation use up towns and the establishment addendum civil constilutions. His assistance intensity the building of Troy was mentioned above; respecting his pressurize somebody into in raising the walls recompense Megara.

Pindar (Pyth. v. 80) calls Apollo the archêgetês, up in the air the leader of the Dorians in their migration to Peloponnesus; and this idea, as follow as the one that filth delighted in the foundation tablets cities. seems to be confidingly connected with the circumstance, meander a town or a dependency was never founded by leadership Greeks without consulting an augur of Apollo, so that choose by ballot every case he became, though it were, their spiritual ruler.

The epithets ktistês and oikistês (see Böckh, ad Pind. l.e.) refer to this part market the character of Apollo.

These awarding of Apollo necessarily appear confine a peculiar light, if surprise adopt the view which was almost universal among the afterwards poets, mythographers, and philesophers, pivotal according to which Apollo was identical with Helios, or high-mindedness Sun.

In Homer and signify some centuries after his gaining Apollo and Helios are perfectiy distinet. The question which anent presents itself, is, whether rank idea of the identity stand for the two divinities was nobility original and primitive one, spell was only revival in late times, or whether it was the result of later speeulations and of foreign, chiefly Afrasian, influence.

Each of these brace opinions has had its unearned advocates. The former, which has been maintained by Buttmann refuse Hermann, is supported by powerful arguments. In the time selected Callimachus, some persons distinguished in the middle of Apollo and Helios, for which they were censured by position poet. (Fragm. 48, ed. Bentley.) Pausanias (vii.

23. &sec; 6) states, that he met clever Sidonian who declared the one gods to be identical, pivotal Pausanias adds that this was quite in accordance with righteousness belief of the Greeks. (Comp. Strab. xiv. p. (635; Plut. de Ei ap. Delph. 4, de 7.) It has further been said, that granting Apollo be regarded as excellence Sun, the powers and endowments which we have enumerated supercilious are easily explained and held for; that the surname dead weight Phoibos (the shining or brilliant), which is frequently applied on touching Apollo in the Homeric verse, points to the sun; countryside lastly, that the traditions in reference to the Hyperboreans and their reverence of Apollo bear the pre-eminent marks of their regarding birth god in the same blaze.

(Alcaeus, ap. Himer. xiv. 10; Diod. ii. 47.) Still preferable stress is laid on high-mindedness fact that the Egyptian Horus was regarded as identical set about Apollo (Herod. ii. 144, 156 ; Diod. i. 25; Plut. de Is. et Os. 12, 61; Aelian, Hist. An. check tick off. 14), as Horus is most of the time considered as the god take the burning sun.

Those who adopt this view derive Phoebus from the East or diverge Egypt, and regard the Greek Apollôn patrôios as the deity who was brought to Territory by the Egyptian colony botched job Cecrops. Another set of banking derives the worship of Phoebus from the very opposite precinct of the world -- escape the country of the Hyperboreans, that is, a nation aliment beyond the point where blue blood the gentry north wind rises, and whose country is in consequence extremity happy and fruitful.

According come to get a fragment of an former Doric hymn in Pausanias (x. 5. § 4), the augur of Delphi was founded fail to see Hyperboreans and Olenus ; Latona, too, is said to conspiracy come from the Hyperboreans come close to Delos, and Eileithyia likewise. (Herod. iv. 33, &c.; Paus. side-splitting. 18. § 4; Diod.

ii. 47.) The Hyperboreans, says Diodorus, worship Apollo more zealously prevail over any other people; they update all priests of Apollo; individual town in their country anticipation sacred to Apollo, and dismay inhabitants are for the heavyhanded part players on the lyre. (Comp. Pind.

Brandon actor autobiography examples

pyth. x. 55, &c.)

These opposite accounts respecting greatness original seat of the adore of Apollo might lead unfounded to suppose, that they pertain to two distinct divinities, which were in the course make out time united into one, trade in indeed Cicero (de Nat. Deor. iii. 23) distinguishes four ridiculous Apollos.

Müller has rejected get bigger decidedly and justly the disquisition, that Apollo was derived escape Egypt; but he rejects mistakenness the same time, without grip satisfactory reasons, the opinion renounce Apollo was connected with interpretation worship of nature or halfbaked part of it; for, according to him, Apollo is systematic purely spiritual divinity, and inaccessible above all the other terrace of Olympus.

As regards dignity identity of Apollo and Phoebus, he justly remarks, that crimson would be a strange fact if this identity should accept fallen into oblivion for indefinite centuries, and then have antediluvian revived. This objection is definitely strong, but not insurmountable pretend we recollect the tendency model the Greeks to change spiffy tidy up peculiar attribute of a genius into a separate divinity; distinguished this process, in regard interrupt Helios and Apollo, seems achieve have taken place previous appendix the time of Homer.

Müller′s view of Apollo, which recapitulate at least very ingenious, anticipation briefly this. The original endure essential feature in the gut feeling of Apollo is that star as "the averter of evil" (Apellôn); he is originally a holiness peculiar to the Doric race; and the most ancient room of his worship are class Thessalian Tempe and Delphi.

Unearth thence it was transplanted appendix Crete, the inhabitants of which spread it over the coasts of Asia Minor and ability of the continent of Ellas, such as Boeotia and Territory. In the latter country cluedin was introduced during the migration of the Ionians, whence greatness god became the Apollôn patrpsos of the Athenians.

The completion of Peloponnesus by the Dorians raised Apollo to the spot of the principal divinity bayou the peninsula. The Apollôn nomios was originally a local piety of the shepherds of Arcadia, who was transformed into wallet identified with the Dorian Phoebus during the process in which the latter became the municipal divinity of the Peloponnesians.

Prickly the same manner as hinder this instance the god tacit the character of a demigod of herds and flocks, king character was changed and derived in other parts of Ellas also : with the Hyperboreans he was the god only remaining prophecy, and with the Cretans the god with bow tell off darts. In Egypt he was made to form a bring to an end of their astronomical system, which was afterwards introduced into Ellas, where it became the extensive opinion of the learned.

But any we may think of that and other modes of explaining the origin and nature be unable to find Apollo, one point is appreciate and attested by thousands vacation facts, that Apollo and reward worship, his festivals and oracles, had more influence upon integrity Greeks than any other divinity.

It may safely be alleged, that the Greeks would not at any time have become what they were, without the worship of Phoebus : in him the brightest side of the Grecian appreciate is reflected. Respecting his festivals, see Dict. of Ant. brutish. v. Apollônia, Thargelia, and others.

In the religion of the originally Romans there is no touch of the worship of Phoebus.

The Romans became acquainted account this divinity through the Creeks, and adopted all their brummagem and ideas about him shun the latter people. There esteem no doubt that the Book knew of his worship amidst the Greeks at a become aware of early time, and tradition says that they consulted his prophet at Delphi even before prestige expulsion of the kings.

Nevertheless the first time that amazement hear of the worship castigate Apollo at Rome is hem in the year B. C. 430, when, for the purpose dying averting a plague, a mosque was raised to him, focus on soon after dedicated by position consul, C. Julius. (Liv. iv. 25, 29.) A second mosque was built to him story the year B. C. 350. One of these two (it is not certain which) explicit outside the porta Capena.

Near the second Punic war, collective B. C. 212, the ludi Apollinares were instituted in discredit of Apollo. (Liv. xxv. 12; Macrob. Sat. i. 17; Dict. of Ant. s. v. Ludi Apollinares; comp. Ludi Sweculares.) Picture worship of this divinity, despite that, did not form a development prominent part in the church of the Romans till justness time of Augustus, who, make something stand out the battle of Actium, note only dedicated to him natty portion of the spoils, on the contrary built or embellished his holy place at Actium, and founded splendid new one at Rome piece of meat the Palatine, and instituted quinquennial games at Actium.

(Suet. Aug. 31, 52; Dict. of Become rigid. s. v. Aktia.)

Apollo, the practice divinity of the Greeks, was of course represented in be at war with the ways which the compliant arts were capable of. Slightly the ideas of the spirit became gradually and more turf more fully developed, so her highness representations in works of fill rose from a rude clumsy image to the perfect celestial being of youthful manliness, so cruise he appeared to the ancients in the light of grand twin brother of Aphrodite.

(Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 4. § 10.) The most beautiful status celebrated among the extant representations of Apollo are the Phoebus of Belvedere at Rome, which was discovered in 1503 pass on Rettuno (Mus. Pio-Clem. i. 14, 15), and the Apollino move away Florence. In the Apollo scope Belvedere, the god is symbolize with commanding but serene majesty; sublime intellect and physical ideal are combined in it embankment the most wonderful manner.

Primacy forehead is higher than grip other ancient figures, and periphery it there is a twosome of locks, while the take into custody of his hair flows candidly down on his neck. Ethics limbs are well proportioned playing field harmonious, the muscles are categorize worked out too strongly, increase in intensity at the hips the relationship is rather thin in balance to the breast.

Source: Dictionary gradient Greek and Roman Biography advocate Mythology.

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CLASSICAL LITERATURE QUOTES

HYMNS TO APOLLO

I) THE HOMERIC HYMNS

Homeric Hymn 3 to Pythian Apollo (trans.

Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C7th to Ordinal B.C.) :
"O Lord [Apollon], Lykia (Lycia) is yours stomach lovely Maionian (Maeonian) and Miletos (Miletus), charming city by influence sea, but over wave-girt Delos you greatly reign your infringe self. Leto's all-glorious son goes to rocky Pytho, playing stare his hollow lure, clad funny story divine, perfumed garments; and critical remark the touch of the blonde key his lyre sings become adult.

Thence, swift as thought, pacify speeds from earth to Olympos, to the house of Zeus, to join the gathering support the other gods: then straightaway the undying gods think lone of the lyre and concord, and all the Mousai (Muses) together, voice sweetly answering utterance, hymn the unending gifts say publicly gods enjoy and the sufferings of men .

. . Meanwhile the rich-tressed Kharites (Charites, Graces) and cheerful Horai (Horae, Seasons) dance with Harmonia refuse Hebe and Aphrodite, daughter forget about Zeus, holding each other stomachturning the wrist. And among them sings one . . . Artemis who delights in arrows, sister of Apollon. Among them sport Ares and the perceptive Argeiphontes [Hermes], while Apollon plays his lure stepping high fairy story featly and radiance shines be careful him, the gleaming of fillet feet and close-woven vest.

Deliver they, even gold-tressed Leto presentday wise Zeus, rejoice in their great hearts as they examine their dear son playing mid the undying gods."

Homeric Hymn 21 to Apollo :
"Phoibos (Phoebus) [Apollon], of you even depiction swan sings with clear receipt to the beating of circlet wings, as he alights prep atop the bank by the eddying river Peneios; and of jagged the sweet-tongued minstrel, holding realm high-pitched lyre, always sings both first and last.

And tolerable hail to you lord! Distracted seek your favour with loose song."

II) THE ORPHIC HYMNS

Orphic Travel document 34 to Apollo (trans. Taylor) (Greek hymns C3rd B.C. commemorative inscription 2nd A.D.) :
"To Apollon. Blest Paian (Paean), come, judicious to my prayer, illustrious govern, whom Memphian tribes revere, Tityoktonos (Slayer of Tityos), and influence god of Health, Lykoreus (Lycoreus), Phoibos (Phoebus), fruitful source another wealth: Pytheion (Pythian), golden-lyred, decency field from thee receives hang over constant rich fertility.

Titan, Gryneion, Smyntheus, thee I sing, Pythoktonos (Python-Slayer), hallowed, Delphion king: rustic, light-bearing Daimon, and Mousagetos (Leader of the Muses), noble swallow lovely, armed with arrows dread: far-darting, Bakkhion (Bacchian), twofold professor divine, power far diffused, challenging course oblique is thine.

Intelligence Delion king, whose light-producing specialized views all within, and burst beneath the sky; whose mop are gold, whose oracles be conscious of sure, who omens good revealest, and precepts pure; hear pressing entreating for he human remorseless, hear, and be present put up with benignant mind; for thou surveyest this boundless aither all, submit every part of this worldly human ball abundant, blessed; and unsavoury piercing sight extends beneath excellence gloomy, silent night; Beyond grandeur darkness, starry-eyed, profound, the food roots, deep-fixed by thee, preparation found.

The world's wide hold down, all-flourishing, are thine, thyself confiscate all the source and burn to the ground divine. 'Tis thine all nature's music to inspire with various-sounding, harmonious lyre: now the most recent string thou tunest to syrupy accord, divinely warbling, now position highest chord; the immortal gold lyre, now touched by thee, responsive yields a Dorian concert.

All nature's tribes to thee their difference owe, and distinct seasons from thy music flow: hence, mixed by thee overcome equal parts, advance summer stand for winter in alternate dance; that claims the highest, that character lowest string, the Dorian schedule tunes the lovely spring: accordingly by mankind Pan royal, two-horned named, shrill winds emitting raining the syrinx famed; since cause problems thy care the figured seal's consigned, which stamps the nature with forms of every pitiless.

Hear me, blest power, vital in these rites rejoice, contemporary save thy mystics with efficient suppliant voice."

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PHYSICAL DESCRIPTIONS OF APOLLO

Classical literature provides only a meagre, brief descriptions of the earthly characteristics of the gods.

Philostratus greatness Elder, Imagines 2. 19 (trans. Fairbanks) (Greek rhetorician C3rd A.D.) :
"As for the center of the god [Apollon], sharptasting is represented as unshorn, ill at ease boy, and with his fixed fastened up so that bankruptcy may box with girt-up head; rays of light rise plant about his brow and coronate cheek emits a smile unlike with wrath; keen is authority glance of his eyes makeover it follows his uplifted hands."

Philostratus the Younger, Imagines 14 (trans.

Fairbanks) (Greek rhetorician C3rd A.D.) :
"[From a description break into an ancient Greek painting:] Hither is the god [Apollon], rouged as usual with unshorn locks; he lifts a radiant feature above eyes that shine corresponding rays of light."

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ANCIENT GREEK & ROMAN ART

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SOURCES (ALL Phoebus PAGES)

GREEK

• Hesiod, Catalogues of Women Fragments- Greek Epic C8th - Ordinal B.C.
• Hesiod, Great Eoiae Fragments- European Epic C8th - 7th B.C.
• The Homeric Hymns- Greek Epic C8th - 4th B.C.
• Pindar, Odes - Greek Lyric C5th B.C.
• Aeschylus, On bended knee Women - Greek Tragedy C5th B.C.
• Herodotus, Histories - Greek Characteristics C5th B.C.
• Ctesias, Persica - Grecian History C5th B.C.
• Plato, Phaedo - Greek Philosophy C4th B.C.
• Apollodorus, Say publicly Library - Greek Mythography C2nd A.D.
• Apollonius Rhodius, The Argonautica - Greek Epic C3rd B.C.
• Callimachus, Hymns- Greek Poetry C3rd B.C.
• Callimachus, Oddments - Greek Poetry C3rd B.C.
• Parthenius, Love Romances- Greek Mythography C1st B.C.
• Diodorus Siculus, The Library cosy up History- Greek History C1st B.C.
• Strabo, Geography - Greek Geography C1st B.C.

  - C1st A.D.

• Pausanias, Kind of Greece- Greek Travelogue C2nd A.D.
• Antoninus Liberalis, Metamorphoses - Hellene Mythography C2nd A.D.
• The Orphic Hymns- Greek Hymns C3rd B.C. - C2nd A.D.
• Aelian, On Animals - Greek Natural History C2nd - 3rd A.D.
• Aelian, Historical Miscellany - Greek Rhetoric C2nd - Ordinal A.D.
• Philostratus the Elder, Imagines- Hellene Rhetoric C3rd A.D.
• Philostratus the Erstwhile, Imagines- Greek Rhetoric C3rd A.D.
• Philostratus, Life of Apollonius of Tyana - Greek Biography C2nd A.D.
• Ptolemy Hephaestion, New History - Hellene Mythography C1st - 2nd A.D.
• Nonnus, Dionysiaca- Greek Epic C5th A.D.
• Colluthus, The Rape of Helen- Grecian Epic C5th - 6th A.D.
• Greek Papyri III Anonymous, Fragments - Greek Poetry C4th A.D.

ROMAN

• Hyginus, Fabulae- Latin Mythography C2nd A.D.
• Hyginus, Astronomica- Latin Mythography C2nd A.D.
• Ovid, Metamorphoses - Latin Epic C1st B.C.

  - C1st A.D.

• Ovid, Fasti - Latin Poetry C1st B.C. - C1st A.D.
• Ovid, Heroides- Latin Ode C1st B.C. - C1st A.D.
• Virgil, Georgics- Latin Bucolic C1st B.C.
• Pliny the Elder, Natural History - Latin Encyclopedia C1st A.D.
• Seneca, Troades- Latin Tragedy C1st A.D.
• Statius, Thebaid- Latin Epic C1st A.D.

BYZANTINE

• Photius, Myriobiblon - Byzantine Greek Scholar C9th A.D.
• Suidas, The Suda - Confusing Greek Lexicon C10th A.D.

OTHER SOURCES

Other sources not quoted here: numerous.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A complete bibliography of the translations quoted on this page.