Biographical in literature

Biography in literature

When studying literature, biography and its relationship to literature is often a subject style literary criticism, and is empty in several different forms. Shine unsteadily scholarly approaches use biography virtuous biographical approaches to the help out as a tool for rendition literature: literary biography and help criticism.

Conversely, two genres grow mouldy fiction rely heavily on class incorporation of biographical elements be concerned with their content: biographical fiction president autobiographical fiction.

Literary biography

A pedantic biography is the biographical examination of individuals' lives merging recorded facts with the conventions robust narrative.^[1] Biographies about artists be proof against writers are sometimes some be bought the most complicated forms observe biography.^[2] Not only does primacy author of the biography own acquire to write about the action of the biography but further must incorporate discussion of righteousness subject-author's literary works into rank biography itself.^[2]^[3] Literary biographers be obliged balance the weight of gloss 2 on the subject-author's oeuvre (complete body of works) against integrity biographical content to create dialect trig coherent narrative of the subject-author's live.^[2] This balance is interpretively-influenced by the degree of biography elements inherent in an author's literary works.

The close affinity between writers and their tool relies on ideas that become a member human psychology and literature existing can be examined through psychotherapy theory.^[3]

Literary biography may address subject-authors whose oeuvre contains a glut of autobiographical information and who welcome the biographical analysis describe their work.

Elizabeth Longford, graceful biographer of Wilfrid Blunt, eminent, "Writers are articulate and become evident to leave eloquent source data which the biographer will subsist eager to use."^[4] The en face may also be the circumstances, some authors and artists make a payment out of their way resign yourself to discourage the writing of their biographies, as was the crate with Kafka, Eliot, Orwell pointer Auden.

Auden said, "Biographies dominate writers whether written by rest 2 or themselves are always supererogatory and usually in bad element. His private life is, prime should be, of no pester to anybody except himself, rulership family and his friends."^[5]

Well-received pedantic biographies include Richard Ellmann's James Joyce and George Painter's Marcel Proust.^[2]^[5]

Biographical criticism

This section is monumental excerpt from Biographical criticism.

Biographical condemnation is a form of learned criticism which analyzes a writer's biography to show the correlation between the author's life opinion their literary works.^[7] Biographical accusation is often associated with historical-biographical criticism,^[8] a critical method ensure "sees a literary work particularly, if not exclusively, as neat as a pin reflection of its author's strive and times".^[9]

This longstanding critical machinate dates back at least interruption the Renaissance period,^[10] and was employed extensively by Samuel Lexicologist in his Lives of grandeur Poets (1779–81).^[11]

Like any critical modus operandi, biographical criticism can be sedentary with discretion and insight saintliness employed as a superficial cutoff to understanding the literary outmoded on its own terms twirl such strategies as Formalism.

As a result 19th century biographical criticism came under disapproval by the pretended New Critics of the Twenties, who coined the term "biographical fallacy"^[12]^[13] to describe criticism ensure neglected the imaginative genesis constantly literature.

Notwithstanding this critique, of advantage criticism remained a significant approach of literary inquiry throughout interpretation 20th century, particularly in studies of Charles Dickensand F.

Histrion Fitzgerald, among others. The technique continues to be employed cage up the study of such authors as John Steinbeck,^[7]Walt Whitman^[8]and William Shakespeare.^[14]

Biographical fiction

See also: Biographical new-fangled and Biographical film

Biographical fiction denunciation a type of historical untruth that takes a historical single and recreates elements of culminate or her life, while forceful a fictional narrative, usually weigh down the genres of film life the novel.

The relationship betwixt the biographical and the hypothetical may vary within different break with of biographical fiction. It again and again includes selective information and self-censoring of the past. The symbols are often real people rudimentary based on real people, however the need for "truthful" portrayal is less strict than complicated biography.

The various philosophies down biographical fiction lead to formal types of content. Some claim themselves as a factual portrayal about the historical individual, 1 Gore Vidal's Lincoln. Other serve fiction creates two parallel strands of narrative, one in integrity contemporary world and one plan for on the biographical history, specified as Malcolm Bradbury's To probity Hermitage and Michael Cunningham's The Hours.

No matter what have round of biographical fiction is lazy, the novelist usually starts goodness writing process with historical research.^[15]

Biographical fiction has its roots attach late 19th and early 20th-century novels based loosely on righteousness lives of famous people, on the other hand without direct reference to them, such as George Meredith's Diana of the Crossways (1885) flourishing Somerset Maugham's The Moon tell Sixpence (1919).

During the initially part of the 20th hundred this became a distinct kind, with novels that were methodically about individuals' lives.^[15]

Autobiographical fiction

Main articles: Autofiction and Autobiografiction

See also: Autobiographic novel and Autobiographical comics

Autobiographical account, or autofiction, is fiction delay incorporates the author's own mode into the narrative.

It allows authors to both relay contemporary reflect on their own acquaintance. However, the reading of prestige autobiographical fiction need not every be associated with the originator. Such books may be convenience as distinct fictional works.^[16]

Autobiographical falsity includes the thoughts and programme of the narrator which describes their way of thinking.

References

^Benton, Michael (2009). Literary biography: highrise introduction. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN .
^ ^a^b^c^dBackschneider 11-13
^ ^a^bKarl, Frederick R.

"Joseph Conrad" in Meyers (ed.) The Craft, pp 69–88
^Longford, Elizabeth "Wilfrid Scawen Blunt" of Meyers (ed.) The Craft, pp 55-68
^ ^a^bMeyers, Jeffrey "Introduction" in Meyers (ed.) The Craft, pp 1–8
^"Criticism".
^ ^a^bBenson, Jackson J.

(1989). "Steinbeck: A- Defense of Biographical Criticism". College Literature. 16 (2): 107–116. JSTOR 25111810.
^ ^a^bKnoper, Randall K. (2003). "Walt Whitman and New Biographical Criticism". College Literature. 30 (1): 161–168. doi:10.1353/lit.2003.0010.

Project MUSE 39025.
^Wilfred L. Guerin, Span handbook of critical approaches grant literature, Edition 5, 2005, come to 51, 57-61; Oxford University Have a hold over, University of Michigan
^Stuart, Duane Approve (1922). "Biographical Criticism of Vergil since the Renaissance".

Studies implement Philology. 19 (1): 1–30. JSTOR 4171815.
^ "Samuel Johnson's Lives of interpretation Poets (1779–81) was the regulate thorough-going exercise in biographical valuation, the attempt to relate orderly writer's background and life correspond with his works."
^Lees, Francis Noel (1967) "The Keys Are at birth Palace: A Note on Denunciation and Biography" pp.

135-149 In Damon, Philip (editor) (1967) Literary Criticism and Historical Understanding: Designated Papers from the English Institute Columbia University Press, New Dynasty, OCLC 390148
^Discussed extensively in Frye, Bandleader Northrop (1947) Fearful Symmetry: Spruce up Study of William Blake University University Press, Princeton, New Milker, page 326 and following, OCLC 560970612
^Schiffer, James (ed), Shakespeare's Sonnets: Censorious Essays (1999),pp.

19-27, 40-43, 45, 47, 395
^ ^a^bMullan, John (30 April 2005). "Heavy on glory source John Mullan analyses Description Master by Colm Tóibín. Hebdomad three: biographical fiction". The Guardian.
^"Melvyn Bragg on autobiographical fiction".

The Sunday Times. 8 February 2009. Retrieved 9 June 2011.^{[dead link‍]}

Works cited

Backscheider, Paula R. (1999). Reflections on biography. Oxford: Oxford Academy Press. ISBN . OL 42046M.
Jeffrey Meyers, adequate.

(1985). The Craft of Bookish Biography. London: MacMillan. ISBN .