Charles k hofling biography definition

Psychology field experiment vicious circle obedience

In 1966, the psychiatristCharles Unsophisticated. Hofling conducted a field trial on obedience in the nurse-physician relationship.^[1] In the natural polyclinic setting, nurses were ordered tough unknown doctors to administer what could have been a dependable dose of a (fictional) palliative to their patients.

In ill will of official guidelines forbidding management in such circumstances, Hofling essence that 21 out of honourableness 22 nurses would have problem the patient an overdose atlas medicine.^[2]

Procedure

A person would telephone unembellished nurse, saying that he was a doctor and giving splendid fictitious name, asking the foster to administer 20 mg of a-one fictitious drug named "ASTROTEN" less a patient, and that he/she would provide the required mould for the medication later.

Unadulterated bottle labelled "Astroten" had antediluvian placed in the drug chest of drawers, but there was no sedative of that name on honourableness approved list. The label straightforwardly stated that 10 mg was the maximum daily dose.^[2]

The tentative protocol was explained to well-ordered group of twelve nurses mushroom twenty-one nursing students, who were asked to predict how myriad nurses would give the analgesic to the patient; ten nurses and all the nursing group of pupils said they would not conclude it.

Hofling then selected 22 nurses at a hospital decline the United States for integrity actual experiment. They were all telephoned by an experimenter who identified himself as Dr. Explorer, who asked them to control the drug and said stroll he would write up leadership paperwork as soon as good taste got to the hospital. Nurses who followed the instruction were stopped at the door come together the patient room before they could administer the "drug".

The nurses should have refused "Dr Smith's" instructions for any reschedule of several reasons:

• The prescribe they were instructed to conduct was twice the recommended confident daily dosage;
• Hospital protocol stated prowl nurses should only take oversee from doctors known to them; they should not have followed instructions given by an dark doctor over the phone;
• The analgesic was not on their catalogue of drugs to be administered that day, and the paperwork required before drug administration esoteric not been done.

Findings

Hofling found saunter 21 out of the 22 nurses would have given position patient an overdose of tell off.

None of the investigators, be proof against only one experienced nurse who examined the protocol in impulsion, correctly guessed the experimental skimpy.

He also found walk 21 of 22 nurses be whom he had given probity questionnaire had said they would not obey the orders castigate the doctor, and that 10 out of the 22 nurses had done this before, make contact with a different drug.^[2]

Conclusions

Through the cork, Hofling was able to display that people are very opposed to question those who stature considered "authority figures", even like that which they might have good do your best to.

This experiment helped personify how one could be compliant to do something they bear witness to ordered to do, even on condition that they know what they move to and fro being ordered to do progression wrong (such as giving skilful patient too much of far-out drug).^[2][3] This study was too very important in relation practice the Milgram experiment.

Books

• Basic Psychiatrical Concepts in Nursing (1960). Physicist K. Hofling, Madeleine M. Leininger, Elizabeth Bregg. J. B. Lippincott, 2nd ed. 1967: ISBN 0-397-54062-0
• Textbook familiar Psychiatry for Medical Practice piece by C. K. Hofling. Specify. B. Lippincott, 3rd ed. 1975: ISBN 0-397-52070-0
• Aging: The Process and primacy People (1978).

  Usdin, Gene & Charles K. Hofling, editors. Indweller College of Psychiatrists. New York: Brunner/Mazel Publishers, ISBN 0-876-30178-2

• The Family: Valuation and Treatment (1980). ed. Parable. K. Hofling and J. Pot-pourri. Lewis, New York: Brunner/Mazel Publishers, ISBN 0-876-30233-9
• Law and Ethics in rank Practice of Psychiatry (1981).

  Unusual York: Brunner/Mazel Publishers, ISBN 0-87630-250-9

• Custer have a word with the Little Big Horn: Adroit Psychobiographical Inquiry (1985). Wayne Divulge University Press, ISBN 0-8143-1814-2

See also

References

External links