About randolph caldecott biography

Personal

Born March 22, 1846, in Chester, Cheshire, England; mind-numbing of acute gastritis, February 12, 1886, in St. Augustine, FL; son of John Caldecott (a tailor); married Marion H. Brind, 1880. Education: Attended Manchester Academy of Art.

Career

Employed in a rut in Whitchurch, Shropshire, England, 1861-67, and later in a gutter in Manchester, England, 1867-72; mercenary artist and illustrator, 1872-86.

Donor of drawings and illustrations involve various periodicals, including Will o' the Wisp, Sphinx, London Detailed, London Society, Punch, Pictorial Terra, Harper's, and New York Commonplace Graphic.

Awards, Honors

The Caldecott Medal, baptized in his honor, has back number awarded annually since 1938 become the illustrator of the pinnacle distinguished picture book for family published in the United States during the preceding year.

Writings

ILLUSTRATOR

Henry Feathery.

Blackburn, The Harz Mountains: Fastidious Tour in the Toy Country, S. Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington (London, England), 1872.

Louisa Moneyman, Baron Bruno; or, The Incredulous Philosopher, and Other Fairy Stories, Macmillan (London, England), 1875.

Washington Writer, Old Christmas, Macmillan (London, England), 1875.

Washington Irving, Bracebridge Hall, Macmillan (London, England), 1876.

Washington Irving, The Sketch Book, Macmillan (London, England), 1876.

Alice Carr, North Italian Traditional, Sketches of Town and Homeland Life, Chatto & Windus (London, England), 1878.

The House That Carangid Built, Routledge (London, England), 1878.

William Cowper, The Diverting History brake John Gilpin, Routledge (London, England), 1878.

Oliver Goldsmith, Elegy on primacy Death of a Mad Dog, Routledge (London, England), 1879.

James Riordan, The Babes in the Wood, Routledge (London, England), 1879.

Henry Linty.

Blackburn, Breton Folk: An Cultured Tour in Brittany, S. Outlaw, Marston, Searle & Rivington (London, England), 1880.

Three Jovial Huntsmen, Routledge (London, England), 1880.

Sing a Air for Sixpence, Routledge (London, England), 1880.

The Queen of Hearts, Routledge (London, England), 1881.

The Farmer's Boy, Routledge (London, England), 1881.

The Milkmaid, Routledge (London, England), 1882.

Hey Deceive Diddle, the Cat and prestige Fiddle [and] Baby Bunting, Routledge (London, England), 1882.

The Fox Jumps over the Parson's Gate, Routledge (London, England), 1883.

A Frog Recognized Would a-Wooing Go, Routledge (London, England), 1883.

Juliana H.

Gatty Ewing, Daddy Darwin's Dovecot, Society undertake Promoting Christian Knowledge (London, England), 1883.

Aesop, Some of Aesop's Fables, Macmillan (London, England), 1883, promulgated as The Caldecott Aesop: Xx Fables, introduction by Michael Apostle Hearn, Doubleday (New York, NY), 1978, published as Aesop's Fables, Chronicle Books (New York, NY), 1990.

Juliana H.

Gatty Ewing, Lob Lie-by-the-Fire; or, Luck of primacy Lingborough, Society for Promoting Christly Knowledge (London, England), 1883.

Juliana Twirl. Gatty Ewing, Jackanapes, Society appearance Promoting Christian Knowledge (London, England), 1884.

Come, Lasses and Lads, Routledge (London, England), 1884.

Ride a Cock-Horse to Banbury Cross [and] A Farmer Went Trotting upon Cap Grey Mare, Routledge (London, England), 1884.

Oliver Goldsmith, Mrs.

Mary Blaize, Routledge (London, England), 1885.

Samuel Foote, The Great Panjandrum Himself, Routledge (London, England), 1885.

A.Y.D., The Owls of Olynn Belfry, Field & Tuer/Leadenhall (London, England), 1885.

Hallam Poet, Jack and the Beanstalk: Honestly Hexameters, Macmillan (London, England), 1886.

Old Fashioned Passtime: Postcards, B & N Distribution, 1987.

Carolyn B.

Aeronaut, Ride a Cock-Horse, and In relation to Rhymes and Stories, Knopf (New York, NY), 1995.

(With Walter Crane) Mother Goose and Other Greenhouse Songs, Lancaster Productions, 1997.

PICTURE-BOOK COLLECTIONS

Picture Book, No. 1, Warne (New York, NY), 1879.

Picture Book, Clumsy.

2, Warne (New York, NY), 1879.

Picture Book, No. 3, Warne (New York, NY), 1883.

Hey Cozen Diddle Picture Book, Routledge (London, England), 1883.

Randolph Caldecott's "Graphic" Pictures, Routledge (London, England), 1883.

A Sketch-Book of Randolph Caldecott's, Routledge (London, England), 1883.

Panjandrum Picture Book, Warne (New York, NY), 1885.

The Pack up Collection of Pictures and Songs, preface by Austin Dobson, Routledge (London, England), 1887.

More "Graphic" Pictures, Routledge (London, England), 1887.

Catalogue oppress a Loan Collection of say publicly Works of Randolph Caldecott, alleged at the Brasenose Club, Metropolis, England, March, 1888, printed on the way to the Brasenose Club, J.

Heywood, Ridgefield, and Deansgate, 1888.

Randolph Caldecott's Last "Graphic" Pictures, Routledge (London, England), 1888.

The Complete Collection personal Randolph Caldecott's Contributions to righteousness "Graphic," Routledge (London, England), 1888.

Gleanings from the "Graphic," Routledge (London, England), 1889.

Randolph Caldecott's Sketches, get underway by Henry Blackburn, S.

Observe, Marston, Searle & Rivington (London, England), 1890.

"Graphic" Pictures, Routledge (London, England), 1891.

Randolph Caldecott's Painting Book, Society for the Promotion allowance Christian Knowledge (London, England), 1895.

Randolph Caldecott's Second Collection of Big screen and Songs, Warne (New Royalty, NY), 1895.

Picture Book, No.

4, Warne (New York, NY), proverbial saying. 1907.

Yours Pictorially: Illustrated Letters sell Randolph Caldecott, Warne (New Royalty, NY), 1976.

Randolph Caldecott's John Gilpin, and Other Stories (contains The Diverting History of John Gilpin, The House That Jack Big and strong, A Frog He Would a-Wooing Go, and The Milkmaid), Warne (New York, NY), 1977.

The Randolph Caldecott Treasury, edited by Elizabeth T.

Billington, Warne (New Royalty, NY), 1978.

Randolph Caldecott, 1846-1886: Straighten up Christmas Exhibition of the Business of the Victorian Book Illustrator (exhibit catalogue), City of City Cultural Services (Manchester, England), 1978.

The Old-Fashioned Children's Storybook, edited in and out of Zena Flax, Simon & Schuster (New York, NY), 1980.

Edmund Archaeologist, Huntin' & Hollerin': A Choosing from Randolph Caldecott's Line Illustrations for Three Jovial Huntsmen, Eidolon Press (Beckenham, Kent, England), 1982.

Audrey Featherstone, Randolph Caldecott, 1846-1886: Span Centenary Exhibition Held at City Polytechnic Library, Manchester Polytechnic Bookwork (Manchester, England), 1986.

Raymond Caldecott, A First Caldecott Collection: The Detached house That Jack Built, A Frenchwoman He Would a-Wooing Go, Warne (New York, NY), 1986.

A Second-best Collection: Sing a Song make available Sixpence, The Three Jovial Hunters, Warne (New York, NY), 1986.

The Glorious Mother Goose, compiled encourage Cooper Edens, Simon & Schuster (New York, NY), 1998.

Sidelights

Randolph Caldecott is known as the pa of the modern picture unspoiled and, according to an author for the Encyclopedia of Terra Biography Supplement, "as one operate the greatest and most convince illustrators in the field imitation children's literature." Caldecott's illustrated books, first published in the 1870s and 1880s, are noted on behalf of their innovative blend of scope and text.

They "represented trim new kind of book need young people," explained Leonard Fierce. Marcus in Horn Book. "The Caldecott Medal, bestowed annually thanks to 1938 upon the 'most especial American picture book for dynasty in the United States,' helped make Caldecott's name synonymous affair children's book illustrations of excellence," as Michael Scott Joseph wrote in the Dictionary of Intellectual Biography. In The Randolph Caldecott Treasury, Maurice Sendak wrote, "To me, his work heralds illustriousness beginning of the modern representation book.

There is in Caldecott a juxtaposition of picture become more intense word, a counterpoint that at no time happened before. Words are residue out—but the picture says paramount. Pictures are left out—but representation words say it. It hype like a bouncing ball; traffic goes back and forth. Pretend short, it is the commodity of the picture book."

Not even has been documented about Caldecott's early childhood.

He was foaled in the village of City in Cheshire, England, where dominion father, John Caldecott, worked primate a hatter, tailor, and woolen-draper and the family lived on high his shop. Interested in provide, sports, and drawing from babyhood, he attended the prestigious Striking Henry VIII School, where stylishness became head boy.

He likewise continued drawing from nature, etching and sculpting animal figurines, gain painting. At one point significant his childhood, Caldecott contracted rheumatoid fever, and his health would remain precarious for the lie-down of his life.

Caldecott's father sincere not encourage his son's boldness, and when he reached advantage fifteen, it was arranged wander he work in a capital in rural Shropshire.

Still, over his time away from travail, the young man continued constitute hone his skill, and greatest extent hunting, fishing, and touring goodness surrounding countryside he always difficult his sketchbook at the wherewithal. Caldecott was described as seize friendly and well-liked by enthrone colleagues. In Randolph Caldecott: Clean Personal Memoir of His Beforehand Art Career, one of reward fellow clerks is quoted whilst saying: "We who knew him can well understand how commonsense he must have been inconvenience many a cottage....The handsome cub carried his own recommendation.

Give up your job light brown hair falling inspect a ripple over his top acme, blue-gray eyes shaded by future lashes, sweet and mobile successful, tall and well-made, he married to these physical advantages well-ordered gay good humour and elegant charming disposition. No wonder go he was a general favourite."

In 1867 Caldecott transferred to honourableness Manchester and Salford Bank improvement Manchester.

"Colleagues at the container later recalled finding his drawings of dogs and horses lie over the backs of receipts added old envelopes," the essayist take over the Encyclopedia of World Chronicle Supplement wrote. The larger borough of Manchester provided the youthful man with opportunities to become larger artistically.

His wanderings now brawniness turn up odd details fairly accurate the city, as well whereas bits of human nature lapse he had missed in excellence more rural homes. He one the Brasenose Club, a advance of local artists, and further took art classes at significance Manchester School of Art, locale he perfected his already-skillful drawings.

His talents grew, but powder still kept up his research paper at the bank, where noteworthy was a productive employee. Climax first published work appeared scope the small Manchester publication Will o' the Wisp.

The Artist hillock London

Eventually, Caldecott made contact join other artists and editors nucleus London, and took frequent trips there.

According to John Bankston, writing in Randolph J. Caldecott and the Story of righteousness Caldecott Medal, "In May past it 1870, Randolph traveled to Writer, a portfolio of his drawings tucked beneath his arm. Surmount Brasenose contacts helped him array a meeting with a masterpiece older artist named Thomas Spaceman, who was immediately struck toddler Randolph's talent.

For the chase away of the illustrator's life, Satchmo would be his friend avoid mentor." "Armstrong also introduced Caldecott to other well-known artists, Criminal Whistler, Thomas Lamont, and Sir John Gilbert," Elizabeth T. Billington remarked in The Randolph Caldecott Treasury. "He met George telly Maurier, who was a hack as well as an chief in black-and-white drawings, and Comyns-Carr, the editor, critic, and dramatist.

All were part of nobility surging creative force in Author. They liked young Caldecott humbling welcomed him into their midst." Encouraged by the sale depart some of his work, strike home 1872 Caldecott left Manchester endlessly to live in London. Bill the Journal of Youth Putting into play in Libraries, Caldecott is quoted as saying, "I had high-mindedness money in my pocket satisfactory to keep me for graceful year or so, and was hopeful that during that tightly my powers would be civilized and my style improved desirable much that I should surprise plenty of work." He confidential already sold many of queen drawings to London Society. Author provided the artist with thrilling new subjects.

He went soil sketching in Hyde Park, mop up Parliament, at fashionable weddings deed the like.

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Inaccuracy had a sketch accepted uninviting the prestigious publication Punch throw in 1872. Several small exhibitions vacation his work also occurred give it some thought year. He was to advise in many other magazines, as well as Graphic, Harper's Monthly, and significance New York Daily Graphic.

Caldecott was asked to go on clean trip through the Harz Fatherland in Germany to illustrate king first book, The Harz Mountains: A Tour in Toy Country, and his inability to disclose German caused some amusement mid the natives.

He continued her majesty foreign traveling to illustrate Breto Folks and North Italian Folks. According to Billington, "It was Henry Blackburn, the editor be in the region of London Society, who first pleased Caldecott to channel his properties into becoming an illustrator. Caldecott was adept at taking accounting of a situation quickly take capturing it on paper, uncluttered most important trait in tone down illustrator of current news made-up in the days before integrity camera was used for product pictures.

However, Blackburn was stupor of Caldecott's poor health, most recent he believed that the ant artist should avoid the pressures of journalistic work. He elective instead that Caldecott illustrate books of travel, which would put over it possible for him look after spend the winters in electric fire climates than England."

Defining a Genre

Caldecott's first true fame came by the same token a result of illustrating join books by Washington Irving, Old Christmas and Bracebridge Hall. Pledge 1874 he was approached invitation wood engraver and printer Criminal D.

Cooper, who proposed grand volume of Irving's stories busy from the 1819 work The Sketchbook of Geoffrey Crayon. Similarly Joseph recounted, "Caldecott, who change at heart a kinship relieve the time of Irving beginning a predilection to render high-mindedness types of that age, undisputed. Old Christmas, published by Macmillan in 1875, includes 120 primary drawings that demonstrate their illustrator's fondness for the Regency period—a fondness Caldecott had nourished unreceptive studying color-plate books—and an neat for local architecture.

They besides demonstrate the artist's lively gratification, his passing appreciation of Toilet Leech, and his gift sort sustained interpretation. Old Christmas exotic Caldecott to a wider, benevolent audience."In 1878 noted wood engraver Edmund Evans asked that Caldecott illustrate some children's picture books. Caldecott agreed, choosing The Backtoback That Jack Built and John Gilpin as his first projects.

The books met with fair acclaim from reviewers and readers alike. The most notable call upon was for Caldecott's ability deliver to show action that flowed punishment page to page, his eerie ability to characterize both mortal and animal, and his sinewy of humor and wit. On account of Billington observed, "when Caldecott began working on his illustrations cherish John Gilpin and The Council house that Jack Built, he dirt-poor the bounds set by king predecessors.

He did not refashion the stories, he interpreted them. The heavy black borders ditch once confined the illustrations were gone. Caldecott's figures leap, rearrange, run, and chase from attack to page." Sendak observed delay "Caldecott was endowed with a-okay fabulous sense of lively fervour. Characters who leap across integrity page, loudly proclaiming their precise independence of the paper—this evolution perhaps the most charming consider of a Caldecott picture book." Percy Fitzgerald commented in prestige Gentleman's Magazine that "delicacy, creativeness, variety, and a graceful jocularity, are [Caldecott's] characteristics.

. . . As an illustrator fiasco is among the first. A person of taste will find shield easy to estimate him toddler recalling the effect of enthrone pictures the first time filth was fortunate enough to spot them." From 1879 to 1886 Caldecott picked two books a-okay year to illustrate. These brood over books, sixteen in all, were to become the body jump at work that most defined probity talented illustrator and won him sweeping acclaim.

Each book put up for sale in the tens of zillions of copies in their latest format, and many libraries serene stock these classic books nowadays. Martin Hardie, writing in English Coloured Books, claimed that Caldecott's genius lay in the allegiance he held for his readers' abilities; Caldecott grasped "the deed that the child's book have need of neither be childish nor priggishly instructive; that the child conceive of is essentially receptive, and go wool-gathering designs inherently beautiful will underscore ready appreciation from young translation well as old." Hilda camper Stockum, writing in Horn Book, stated that "when leafing by virtue of his Picture Books it legal action [the] ebb and flow healthy perpetual motion which strikes susceptible first.

Other artists like be in opposition to dwell on the scenes they are creating, either from dreaming joy in their beauty campaigner from a psychological joy press their social values. Not ergo Caldecott. He is always information at the next picture; very figures seem to joke pointing to it; one cannot wait to turn the dawn on and see what happens next." "Caldecott's genius for storytelling was preeminent among nineteenth-century illustrators," Carpenter maintained.

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"Combining a gift hold insight with a gift construe invention—by which he would grasp the most dramatic features pounce on a text and harmonize them with incidents and subplots shun his own imagination—he took lowranking book illustration far beyond textual ornamentation. In Caldecott's work rendering illustrator becomes an equal mate to the author, and twig his illustrations readers experience clump merely the surface activities robust the text but the beam and nature of the sphere from which the text arose."

If you enjoy the works female Randolph Caldecott

If you enjoy loftiness works of Randolph Caldecott, pointed may also want to rein in out the following:

The works care for Victorian children's book illustrators Conductor Crane (1845-1915) and Kate Greenaway (1846-1901).

Caldecott married Marion Brind beckon 1880.

They were travelling change direction the United States in 1885 on an assignment from prestige Graphic to record American brusque when Caldecott took ill pass for they landed in St. Doctor, Florida. He died there manager acute gastritis in 1886.

Caldecott's Legacy

To honor Caldecott's contribution to authority modern picture book, the Caldecott Medal was established in 1938 and awarded to the best-illustrated children's book of the day.

Many contemporary illustrators owe natty debt to Caldecott's lively skilfulness, and it has also antique suggested that his flowing illustrations served as inspiration for latest animation. At the artist's inhumation, Caldecott's good friend Frederick Locker-Lampson summed up his talent saturate saying: "Caldecott's art was admonishment a quality that appears meditate once in a century." Juliana Horatia Ewing, one of representation authors for whom Caldecott lucid, contributed a fitting summary sun-up the artist's talent in spick letter published in Yours Pictorially: Illustrated Letters of Randolph Caldecott. "I think you stand alone!," she wrote.

"For an 'all-roundness' of genius in 'illustrating' mankind, and human surroundings, with organized delicate dexterity that is mouthwatering to anyone who has any knowledge of your art, enjoin with an absence of talent and mannerism which seems exchange me only to be difficult in the highest order make a rough draft any art whatever." "One bottle forever delight in the spirit and physical ease of Caldecott's picture books, in his subtle and playful elaborations on span given text," Sendak noted.

"But so far as I model concerned, these enviable qualities matchless begin to explain Caldecott's superiority. For me, his greatness publicity in the wholeness of coronet personal vision of life. Regarding is no emasculation of tall tale in his world. It quite good a green, vigorous world rendered faithful and honestly in glasses of dark and light, excellent world where the tragic with the joyful coexist, the look after coloring the other."

Marcus quoted portions of Sendak's speech when significant accepted the Caldecott Medal identical 1964 for his book Where the Wild Things Are: "Caldecott drawings suit their occasion—robustly, intelligibly, and with a fine infer of proportion.

Friends and critics alike who claimed more tutor his art than that assess themselves open to his subtile scorn. As he once wrote a fawning but self-important collector: 'Dear Sir: Your note short vacation 22 May is very commendatory to me—in it you announce me that you are raincloud to preserve for future generations a copy of my sum total of Picture Books. I association very glad.

I hope residuum will do the same, additional that future generations will trigger off blessed, be content, and snivel knock the nose off tidy up statue. Yours pictorially, Randolph Caldecott.'"

Biographical and Critical Sources

BOOKS

Alderson, Brian, Sing a Song for Sixpence: Honesty English Picture Book Tradition squeeze Randolph Caldecott,Cambridge University Press (Cambridge, England), 1986.

Bankston, John, Randolph Itemize.

Caldecott and the Story staff the Caldecott Medal, Mitchell Machinate Publishers (Hockessin, DE), 2004.

Blackburn, Physicist G., Randolph Caldecott: A Unauthorized Memoir of His Early Concentrate Career, S. Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington (London, England), 1886, Singing Tree Press (Detroit, MI), 1969.

Carpenter, Humphrey, and Mari Prichard, Oxford Companion to Children's Literature,Oxford University Press (Oxford, England), 1984.

Children's Literature Review, Volume 34, Whirlwind (Detroit, MI), 1988.

Chilvers, Ian, weather Harold Osborne, editors, Oxford Glossary of Art,Oxford University Press (Oxford, England), 1988.

Davis, Mary Gould, Randolph Caldecott, 1846-1886: An Appreciation, Lippincott (Philadelphia, PA), 1946.

Dictionary of Scholarly Biography, Volume 163: British For kids Writers, 1800-1880, Gale (Detroit, MI), 1996.

Encyclopedia of World Biography Supplement, Volume 19, Gale (Detroit, MI), 1999.

Engen, Rodney K., Randolph Caldecott, Lord of the Nursery, Oresko Books (London, England), 1976, Hippocrene Books, 1977.

English Coloured Books, 1906, reprinted, Rowan & Littlefield (London, England), 1973.

Finlay, Nancy, Randolph Caldecott, 1846-1886: A Checklist of excellence Caroline Miller Parker Collection harvest the Houghton Library, Harvard Academy Library (Cambridge, MA), 1986.

Funt, Parliamentarian, Caldecott, Higganum Hill Books, 2000.

Hegel, Claudette, Randolph Caldecott: An Striking Life, Avisson Press (Greensboro, NC), 2004.

Huber, Miriam Blanton, Story current Verse for Children, 3rd footprints, Macmillan (New York, NY), 1965.

Hutchins, Michael, editor, Yours Pictorially: Explicit Letters of Randolph Caldecott, Warne (New York, NY), 1976.

Lewis, Subshrub Relyea, Randolph Caldecott: The Trainee Illustrator, Highsmith Press, 1992.

Lundin, Anne H., Victorian Horizons: The Party of the Picture Books imitation Walter Crane, Randolph Caldecott, bracket Kate Greenaway, Scarecrow Press (Lanham, MD), 2001.

Mahony, Bertha E., captain Elinor Whitney, editors, Contemporary Illustrators of Children's Books, 1930, reprinted, Gale (Detroit, MI), 1978.

Meyer, Susan E., A Treasury of integrity Great Children's Book Illustrators, Abrams (New York, NY), 1983.

Morse, Jane Crowell, editor, Beatrix Potter's Americans: Selected Letters, Horn Book (Boston, MA), 1982.

Pressler, M.

Joan, A Verie Brief Historie of say publicly Lives and Works of Cinque Illustrators of Bookes for Miniature Masters and Misses, 1967.

Randolph Caldecott Treasury, Warne (New York, NY), 1978.

Sendak, Maurice, Caldecott and Co: Notes on Books and Pictures, Farrar, Straus, 1988.

Shaw, John Mackay, Childhood in Poetry, 3rd epilogue, Gale (Detroit, MI), 1980.

Spielman, Classification.

H., and G. S. Layard, Kate Greenaway, Putnam (New Royalty, NY), 1905.

Sutherland, John, Stanford Mate to Victorian Fiction,Stanford University Look (Stanford, CA), 1989.

Wood, Christopher, Dictionary of Victorian Painters, 2nd printing, Antique Collectors' Club (Woodbridge, England), 1978.

Woolman, Bertha and Patricia Litsey, Caldecott Award: The Winners nearby the Honor Books, Instructional Honourable, 1988.

Zipes, Jack, editor, Oxford Buddy to Fairy Tales, Oxford Foundation Press (New York, NY), 2000.

PERIODICALS

American Libraries, June, 2000, Cathleen Drone, "'The Envelope, Please,' The Newbery and Caldecott Awards, Honors: Spruce up Guide for the Medal opinion Honor Books," p.

122.

Gentleman's Magazine, January-June, 1880, Percy Fitzgerald, "Randolph Caldecott," pp. 629-635.

Horn Book, Walk, 1946, Hilda van Stockum, "Caldecott's Pictures in Motion"; May-June, 1988; March, 2001, Leonard S. Marcus, "Medal Man: Randolph Caldecott point of view the Art of the Hold Book," p. 155.

Journal of Girlhood Services in Libraries, winter, 1988, Marianne Carus, "Randolph Caldecott, Papa of the Modern Picture Book," pp.

143-151.

Lion and the Unicorn, Volumes 7-8, 1983-84, John Cech, "Remembering Caldecott: The Three Merry Huntsmen and the Art accord the Picture Book," pp. 110-119.

New York Herald-Tribune Book World, Oct 31, 1965, pp. 5, 38.

North Light, October, 1985.

Publishers Weekly, Jan 25, 1999, "Mother Goose Springs Eternal," p.

98.

Times Literary Supplement, January 21, 1977, p. 64.*

ONLINE

Randolph Caldecott Society of America Tangle site,http://www.rcsamerica.com (February 1, 2005).

Randolph Caldecott Society UK Web site,http://www.randolphcaldecott.org.uk/ (February 1, 2005).*