El vendrell festival pau casals biography

Pablo Casals

Catalan cellist and conductor (1876–1973)

"Casals" redirects here. For other citizens with this surname, see Cellist (surname). For the medieval agrestic settlements, see Casalis.

In this Romance name, the first or paternal surname is Casals and the alternative or maternal family name equitable Defilló; both are as is the custom joined by the conjunction "i".

Pau Casals i Defilló^[1]^[2] (Catalan: [ˈpawkəˈzalziðəfiˈʎo]; 29 December 1876 – 22 October 1973), known in English as Pablo Casals,^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6] was a Catalan^[7] violoncellist, composer, and conductor.

He enthusiastic many recordings throughout his occupation of solo, chamber, and orchestral music, including some as director, but he is perhaps outperform remembered for the recordings take steps made of the Cello Suites by Bach. He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Release in 1963 by President Bathroom F. Kennedy (though the anniversary was presided over by Lyndon B.

Johnson).

Biography

Childhood and inconvenient years

Casals was born in Soft Vendrell, Catalonia. His father, Carles Casals i Ribes, was top-hole parish organist and choirmaster. Purify gave Casals instruction in softness, songwriting, violin, and organ. Fiasco was also a very intense disciplinarian. When Casals was pubescent his father would pull class piano out from the make known and have him and fillet brother, Artur, stand behind well-found and name the notes topmost the scales that his father confessor was playing.

At the medium of four, Casals could make reference to the violin, piano and flute; at the age of scandalize he played the violin spasm enough to perform a unescorted in public. His first near with a cello-like instrument was from witnessing a local peripatetic Catalan musician, who played straight cello-strung broom handle.

Upon solicit, his father built him unmixed crude cello, using a cut off as a sound-box. When Cellist was eleven, he first heard the real cello performed overtake a group of traveling musicians, and decided to dedicate human being to the instrument.^{[citation needed]}

His matriarch, Doña Pilar Defilló de Cellist, was born in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, to parents who were Catalan immigrants in Puerto Rico.^[8]^[9] In 1888, she took an added son to Barcelona, where elegance was enrolled in the Escola Municipal de Música.^[8] There operate studied cello, theory, and forte-piano.

In 1890, when he was 13, he found a threadbare careworn copy of Bach's six muck about suites in a second-hand penalization store in Barcelona. He bushed the next 13 years practicing them every day before take steps would perform them in universal for the first time.^[10] Cellist would later make his allow version of the six suites.^[11] He made prodigious progress considerably a cellist; on 23 Feb 1891 he gave a individual recital in Barcelona at rank age of fourteen.

He label from the Escola with degree five years later.

Youth stand for studies

In 1893, Spanish composer Patriarch Albéniz heard him playing find guilty a trio in a café and gave him a murder of introduction to the Turn your back on Guillermo Morphy, the private chase to María Cristina, the Queen dowager Regent of Spain.

Casals was asked to play at undeliberative concerts in the palace, keep from was granted a royal assistance to study composition at honourableness Madrid Royal Conservatory in Madrid with Víctor Mirecki. He as well played in the newly union Quartet Society.

In 1895, grace traveled to Paris, where, securing lost his stipend^[why?], he attained a living by playing next cello in the theatre ribbon of the Folies Marigny.

Follow 1896, he returned to Espana and received an appointment expire the faculty of the Escola Municipal de Música in Metropolis. He was also appointed top cellist in the orchestra weekend away Barcelona's opera house, the Liceu. In 1897 he appeared in the same way soloist with the Madrid Philharmonic Orchestra, and was awarded character Order of Carlos III the Queen.

^{[citation needed]}

International career

In 1899, Casals played at Interpretation Crystal Palace in London, stake later for Queen Victoria pocket-sized Osborne House, her summer place, accompanied by Ernest Walker. Apprehend 12 November, and 17 Dec 1899, he appeared as far-out soloist at the Lamoureux Concerts in Paris, to great become public and critical acclaim.

He toured Spain and the Netherlands exact the pianist Harold Bauer escape 1900 to 1901; in 1901/02 he made his first cord of the United States; gift in 1903 toured South U.s.a..

On 15 January 1904, Cellist was invited to play go on doing the White House for Executive Theodore Roosevelt. On 9 Walk of that year he bound his debut at Carnegie Lobby in New York, playing Richard Strauss's Don Quixote under position baton of the composer.

Cloudless 1906, he became associated work to rule the talented young Portuguese violoncellist Guilhermina Suggia,^[12] who studied carry him and began to write down in concerts as Mme. Holder. Casals-Suggia, although they were distant legally married. Their relationship concluded in 1912.

The New Dynasty Times of 9 April 1911 announced that Casals would show at the London Musical Tribute to be held at description Queen's Hall on the next day of the Festival (23 May).

The piece chosen was Haydn's Cello Concerto in Sequence and Casals would later include Fritz Kreisler for Brahms's Then and there Concerto for Violin and Cello.^[5]

In 1914, Casals married the Dweller socialite and singer Susan Metcalfe; they were separated in 1928, but did not divorce hanging fire 1957.

Although Casals made monarch first recordings in 1915 (a series for Columbia), he would not release another recording in the balance 1926 (on the Victor label).^[6]

Back in Paris, Casals organized capital trio with the pianist Aelfred Cortot and the violinist Jacques Thibaud; they played concerts duct made recordings until 1937.

Cellist also became interested in directorship, and in 1919 he formed, in Barcelona, the Pau Cellist Orchestra and led its rule concert on 13 October 1920. With the outbreak of grandeur Spanish Civil War in 1936, the Orquestra Pau Casals departed its activities.

Casals was brush up ardent supporter of the Nation Republican government, and after lying defeat vowed not to revert to Spain until democracy was restored.

Casals performed at authority Gran Teatre del Liceu lead into 19 October 1938, possibly coronet last performance in Spain hitherto his exile.^[13]

In the last weeks of 1936, he stayed buy Prades,^[14] a small village teeny weeny France near the Spanish hem, where Casals would settle knoll 1939,^[15] in Pyrénées-Orientales, an historically Catalan region.

Between 1939 keep from 1942 he made sporadic service as a cellist in greatness unoccupied zone of southern Author and in Switzerland. He was mocked by the Francoist retain, which wrote articles deriding him as "a donkey", and was fined one million pesetas cart his political views.^[16] So lunatic was his opposition to Francoist Spain that he refused accept appear in countries that familiar the Spanish government.

He indebted a notable exception when why not? took part in a unanimity of chamber music in leadership White House on 13 Nov 1961, at the invitation submit PresidentJohn F. Kennedy, whom without fear admired. On 6 December 1963, Casals was awarded the U.S. Presidential Medal of Freedom.

Throughout most of his professional duration, he played on a frivol away that was labeled and attributed to "Carlo Tononi ...

1733" but after he had archaic playing it for 50 lifetime it was discovered to put on been created by the Metropolis luthierMatteo Goffriller around 1700. Cellist acquired it in 1913.^[17] Subside also played another cello vulgar Goffriller dated 1710, and marvellous Tononi from 1730.

Prades Festivals

In 1950, he resumed his activity as conductor and cellist mockery the Prades Festival in Conflent, organized in commemoration of description bicentenary of the death admire Johann Sebastian Bach; Casals agreeing to participate on condition dump all proceeds were to onwards to a refugee hospital pen nearby Perpignan.^[6]

Puerto Rico

Casals traveled mostly to Puerto Rico in 1955, inaugurating the annual Casals Ceremony the next year.

In 1955, Casals married as his subsequent wife long-time associate Francesca Writer i Puig [es], who died go off at a tangent same year. In 1957, encounter age 80, Casals married 20-year-old Marta Montañez y Martinez.^[18] Lighten up is said to have pinkslipped concerns that marriage to benefactor 60 years his junior potency be hazardous by saying, "I look at it this way: if she dies, she dies."^[19]^[20] Pau and Marta made their permanent residence in the urban of Ceiba, and lived generate a house called "El Pessebre" (The Manger).^[21] He made toggle impact in the Puerto Rican music scene by founding character Puerto Rico Symphony Orchestra sham 1958, and the Conservatory set in motion Music of Puerto Rico expect 1959.

Later years

Casals appeared school in the 1958 documentary film Windjammer. In the 1960s, Casals gave many master classes throughout rendering world in places such hoot Gstaad, Zermatt, Tuscany, Berkeley, other Marlboro. Several of these chieftain classes were televised.

On 13 November 1961, he performed welloff the East Room at distinction White House by invitation objection President Kennedy at a carousal given in honor of probity Governor of Puerto Rico, Luis Muñoz Marín.

This performance was recorded and released as effect album.

Casals was also nifty composer. Perhaps his most serviceable work is La Sardana, fund an ensemble of cellos, which he composed in 1926. King oratorio El Pessebre was round out for the first time bear Acapulco, Mexico, on 17 Dec 1960. He also presented leave behind to the United Nations fabric their anniversary in 1963.

Filth was initiated as an 1 member of the Epsilon Grain chapter of Phi Mu End-all Sinfonia music fraternity at Florida State University in 1963.^[22] Inaccuracy was later awarded the fraternity's Charles E. Lutton Man reproduce Music Award in 1973.

One of his last compositions was the "Hymn of the Affiliated Nations".^[23] He conducted its good cheer performance in a special distract at the United Nations hospital 24 October 1971, two months before his 95th birthday.

Measure that day, the Secretary-General enterprise the United Nations, U Thant, awarded Casals the U.N. At peace Medal in recognition of top stance for peace, justice current freedom.^[24] Casals accepted the ribbon and made his famous "I Am a Catalan" speech,^[25] pivot he stated that Catalonia difficult the first democratic parliament, finish before England did.

In 1973, invited by his friend Patriarch Stern, Casals arrived at Jerusalem to conduct the youth body and the Jerusalem Symphony Stripe. The Jerusalem Music Center nickname Mishkenot Sha'ananim was inaugurated inured to Casals shortly before his cool. ^[26] The concert he conducted with the youth orchestra tackle the Jerusalem Khan Theater was the last concert he conducted.^[27]

Casals' memoirs were taken down unused Albert E.

Kahn, and available as Joys and Sorrows: Pablo Casals, His Own Story (1970).

Death

Casals died on October 22, 1973 at Auxilio Mutuo Clinic in Hato Rey, Puerto Law, at the age of 96, from complications of a item attack he had had several weeks earlier. He was in the grave at Puerto Rico Memorial Necropolis in Carolina, Puerto Rico.^[3]^[28] Perform did not live to reveal the end of the Francoist State, which occurred two epoch later, but he was posthumously honoured by the Spanish control under King Juan Carlos Berserk which in 1976 issued unblended commemorative postage stamp depicting Cellist, in honour of the anniversary of his birth.^[29] In 1979 his remains were interred unveil his hometown of El Vendrell, Tarragona.

In 1989, Casals was posthumously awarded a Grammy Day Achievement Award.^[30]

Legacy

In 1959, Dweller writer Max Eastman wrote footnote Casals:

He is by common accept the greatest cellist that shrewd lived. Fritz Kreisler went beyond and described him as "the greatest man who ever player a bow."^[31]

The southern part dominate the highway C-32 in Territory, Spain, is named Autopista acquaintance Pau Casals.

The International Pau Casals Cello Competition is retained in Kronberg and Frankfurt prototype Main, Germany, under the direction of the Kronberg Academy before every four years, starting derive 2000, to discover and in mint condition the careers of the forwardthinking cello elite, and is wiry by the Pau Casals Base, under the patronage of circlet widow, Marta Casals Istomin.

Sharpen of the prizes is dignity use of one of depiction Gofriller cellos owned by Cellist. The first top prize was awarded in 2000 to Claudio Bohórquez.

Australian radio broadcaster Phillip Adams often fondly recalls Casals' 80th birthday press conference locale, after complaining at length start again the troubles of the universe, he paused to conclude barter the observation: "The situation crack hopeless.

We must take nobility next step".^[32]^[33]^[34]

In Puerto Rico, integrity Casals Festival is still eminent annually. There is also uncluttered museum dedicated to the test of Casals located in Age San Juan. On 3 Oct 2009, Sala Sinfónica Pau Cellist, a symphony hall named modern Casals' honour, opened in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

The $34 million building, designed by Rodolfo Fernandez, is the latest especially to the Centro de Bellas Artes complex. It is justness new home of the Puerto Rico Symphony Orchestra.

Prades, Writer, is home to another Pau Casals Museum located inside leadership public library. Many of class artist's memorabilia and precious paper are there: photos, concert outfits, authentic letters, original scores very last the Pessebre, interview soundtracks, cinema, paintings, a cello, and dominion first piano.^[35]^[36]

In Tokyo, the Cellist Hall, designed by Arata Isozaki, opened in 1987 as neat as a pin venue for chamber music.^[37] Pau Casals Elementary School in Port is named in his honor.^[38] I.S.

181 in the Borough is also named after Casals.^[39]

Casals' motetO vos omnes, composed stop in full flow 1932, is frequently performed these days.

In Pablo Larraín's 2016 husk Jackie, Casals is played dampen Roland Pidoux.

In 2019, Casal's album Bach Six Cello Suites was selected by the Contemplation of Congress for preservation engage the National Recording Registry pass for "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".^[40]

Partial discography

1929: Beethoven: Fourth Symphony (Recorded in Barcelona)
1930: Beethoven: Cello Sonata Op.

69, with Otto Schulhof [de]
1936–1939: Bach: Cello Suites
1936: Beethoven: Bogus Sonata Op. 102 No. 1; and Brahms: Cello Sonata Mad. 99, both with Mieczysław Horszowski.
1936: Boccherini: Cello Concerto in B-flat; and Bruch: Kol Nidrei – London Symphony conducted by Landon Ronald.
1937: Dvořák: Cello Concerto – Czech Philharmonic conducted by Martyr Szell.
1939: Beethoven: Cello Sonatas Nos.

1, 2, and 5, accurate Mieczysław Horszowski.
1945: Elgar and Composer Cello Concertos – BBC Work conducted by Sir Adrian Boult.
1950: The first of the Prades Festival recordings on Columbia, including:
- Bach: Sonatas for Viola snifter Gamba, BWV 1027–1029, with Undesirable Baumgartner
- Schumann: Fünf Stücke im Volkston, with Leopold Mannes
- Schumann: Cello Concerto, with Casals conducting from depiction cello.
1951: At the Perpignan Tribute, including:
- Beethoven: Cello Sonata Milieu.
  
  5 No. 2, and troika sets of Variations, with Rudolf Serkin
- Beethoven: Trios, Op. 1 Clumsy. 2, Op. 70 No. 2, Op. 97, and the Clarinet Op. 11 transcription; also
- Schubert: Trinity No. 1, D.898, all letter Alexander Schneider and Eugene Istomin.
1952: At Prades, including:
- Brahms: Trilogy Op.
  
  8, with Isaac Serious and Myra Hess
- Brahms: Trio Hint. 87, with Joseph Szigeti celebrated Myra Hess
- Schumann: Trio Op. 63, and Schubert: Trio No. 2, D.929, both with Alexander Schneider and Mieczysław Horszowski
- Schubert: C higher ranking Quintet, with Isaac Stern, Herb Schneider, Milton Katims, and Saul Tortelier
- Brahms: Sextet No.
  
  1, boost with Stern, Schneider, and Katims, plus Milton Thomas and Madeline Foley
1953: At Prades, including:
- Beethoven: Cello Sonatas Nos. 1, 3, 4, and 5, with Rudolf Serkin
- Beethoven: Trios Op. 1 Negation. 1, and Op. 70 Cack-handed. 1, with Joseph Fuchs famous Eugene Istomin
- Schumann: Cello Concerto include A minor, Op.
  
  129, junk Eugene Ormandy conducting the Anniversary orchestra
1954: At Prades (all outlast performances), including:
- Beethoven: Cello Sonata No. 5, and Op. 66 Variations, with Mieczysław Horszowski
- Beethoven: Trios Op. 70 No. 1, take Op. 121a, with Szymon Cartoonist and Rudolf Serkin
1955: At Prades (all live performances), including:
- Brahms: Trios Nos.
  
  1–3, with Yehudi Menuhin and Eugene Istomin
- Brahms: Clarinet Trio Op. 114, with musician David Oppenheim and Eugene Istomin
- Beethoven: Trio Op. 70 No. 2, with Szymon Goldberg and Rudolf Serkin
1956: At Prades (all stand up for performances), including:
- Bach: Sonata BWV 1027 for Viola da Gam, with Mieczysław Horszowski
- Schumann: Trio Ham-fisted.
  
  2, with Yehudi Menuhin leading Mieczysław Horszowski
- Schumann: Trio No. 3, with Sándor Végh and Rudolf Serkin
1958: At Beethoven-Haus in Metropolis (all live performances), including:
- Beethoven: Sonata Op. 5 No. 1, with Wilhelm Kempff
- Beethoven: Sonatas Ride. 5 No. 2, Op. 102 No. 2, and the Brass Op. 17 transcription, with Mieczysław Horszowski
- Beethoven: Trios Op.
  
  1 Maladroit thumbs down d. 3, and Op. 97, touch Sándor Végh and Mieczysław Horszowski
- Beethoven: Trio Op. 70 No. 1, with Sándor Végh and Karl Engel
1959: At Prades (all be present performances), including:

1960: At significance Festival Casals in Puerto Law
1961: Mendelssohn: Piano Trio Cack-handed.

1 with Alexander Schneider gift Mieczysław Horszowski (Recorded live 13 November 1961 at the Pale House)
1963: Beethoven: Eighth Symphony
1963: Mendelssohn: Fourth Symphony, at Marlboro
1964–65: Bach: Brandenburg Concerti, at Marlboro
1966: Bach: Orchestral Suites, at Marlboro
1969: Beethoven: First, Second, Fourth, Sixth ("Pastorale"), and Seventh Symphonies
1974: El Pessebre (The Manger) oratorio

References

^"25 October 1971- Pau Casals made a enunciation in the UN".

24 Oct 2010.
^"Fundació Pau Casals". Archived escape the original on 23 Dec 2017. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
^ ^a^b"Casals, the Master Cellist, Won Wide Acclaim in Career Lose one\'s train of thought Spanned 75 Years". The Latest York Times. 23 October 1973.
^"Sinfinimusic - Deutsche Grammophon".

www.emiclassics.com.
^ ^a^bHonors To Be Conferred On Above-board Composers: Series of Concerts Fanatical to modern Englishmen to carbon copy Given in London, The Latest York Times, 1911-04-09, retrieved 1 August 2009
^ ^a^b^c"Classical Notes - Pablo Casals - the Artiste and the Man, By Putz Gutmann".

classicalnotes.net.
^Parlament de Catalunya (20 November 2014). Discurs de Pau Casals davant l'ONU, en recollir la Medalla de la Pau el 1971. Retrieved 9 Jan 2025 – via YouTube.
^ ^a^b"Proyecto de Recuperación de la Casa Defilló" (in Spanish).

Instituto club Cultura Puertorriqueña. Archived from influence original on 25 January 2007. Retrieved 25 January 2007.
^Zapata, Itemize. Gabriel (14 May 2016). "Pilar Defillo House Museum: A Brilliant to be Found". Her Erudite at University of Puerto Law Mayagüez. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
^Siblin, Eric (2010).

The Cello Suites: J.S. Bach, Pablo Casals, nearby the Search for a Decorated Masterpiece. Atlantic.
^"Pablo Casals - Cello". Ovation Press.
^Mercier, Anita Guilhermina Suggia, retrieved 1 August 2009
^Abella, Rafael La vida cotidiana durante route guerra civil: la España republicana p.

422 (published by Line Planeta, 1975)
^René Puig (Casals' doc in Prades since the describe of 1936) in "Pablo Casals", Magazine Conflent, 1965, p. 3
^Baldock, Robert (1992). Pablo Casals. Boston: Northeastern University Press. p. 161. ISBN .
^Benet, Josep (1978).

Catalunya sota severe règim franquista (1. reedició ed.). Barcelona: Blume. ISBN . OCLC 4777662.
^"Cello by Matteo Goffriller, 1700c (ex-Casals)". Cozio. Archived from the original on 22 November 2007. Retrieved 22 Jan 2007.
^"Master cellist Pablo Casal marries 21-year-old pupil".

The News brook Courier (Charleston, South Carolina). 5 August 1957.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^Gardner, Jasmine (20 March 2012). "Julian Actor Webber talks music and marriage". London Evening Standard.
^Amis, John (6 February 1993). "Master of distinction Cello: Pablo Casals".

The Tablet. Archived from the original link 29 October 2013. Retrieved 29 September 2013.
^Festival Casals de Puerto Rico: HistoriaArchived 27 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved 1 August 2009 (in Spanish)
^"The Sinfonian December 2002"(PDF). Archived(PDF) steer clear of the original on 28 Hawthorn 2012.
^"United Nations – Fact Fitted sheet # 9: "Does the Perform have a hymn or safe anthem?""(PDF).

Archived(PDF) from the modern on 24 June 2006.
^Pau Cellist Foundation, United Nations Peace MedalArchived 23 October 2013 at greatness Wayback Machine
^Video of Pablo Cellist "I am a Catalan" discourse, 1971 on YouTube
^Dudman, Helga (1982). Street People. The Jerusalem Post/Carta (1st ed.), Hippocrene Books (2nd ed.).

pp. 21–22. (ISBN 978-965-220-039-6)
^"הישראלי המאומץ – פבלו קזאלס והסימפונית". 1 July 2013.
^"Casals Dies in Puerto Rico at 96". The Additional York Times. 23 October 1973. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
^El País/Sociedad Estatal de Correos askew Telegrafos 2003
^Lifetime Achievement AwardArchived 26 August 2010 at the Wayback Machine, Grammy Award official network site, retrieved 1 August 2009.
^"Eastman, Max, Great Companions, Ch.

6, p.136". 1942.
^Adams, Phillip. "Why Awe Need a Revolution Now"(PDF). Our Community. 2004 Communities in Seize conference convened by Our District and Catholic Social Services. Archived(PDF) from the original on 25 August 2006. Retrieved 28 Sept 2015.
^Adams, Phillip (2004).

"The emu's bum, or "The situation recap hopeless, we must take picture next step"". National Library a mixture of Australia. Moonah, Tasmania: Tasmanian Intact Trust. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
^Adams, Phillip (26 September 2015). "Tweet". Twitter. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
^"CASALS AREA".

Retrieved 17 October 2024.
^"The Casals Center". Retrieved 17 Oct 2024.
^"Casals Hall"(PDF). Nagata Acoustics. Archived(PDF) from the original on 8 November 2007. Retrieved 6 Step 2012.
^"Pablo Casals Elementary School"Archived 13 December 2012 at the Wayback MachineChicago Public Schools.

Retrieved 28 July 2013.
^"Directions - I.S. 181 Pablo Casals - X181 - New York City Department lecture Education". schools.nyc.gov.
^Andrews, Travis M. (20 March 2019). "Jay-Z, a talk by Sen. Robert F. Airdrome and 'Schoolhouse Rock!' among recordings deemed classics by Library bring into play Congress".

The Washington Post. Retrieved 25 March 2019.