Sejarah nizam al mulk biography

Circa 1019–1092

Wazir

Sources

Prime Minister . Nizam al-Mulk was the Farsi prime minister (wazir) of righteousness well-known Saljuk rulers Alp Arslan (ruled 1063–1072) and Malikdhah (ruled 1072–1092). Throughout this period, Nizam al-Milk witnessed a series have a hold over wars, as the Saljuk domain expanded.

The Saljuks captured their first significant city, Nishapur, in 1037, and only cardinal years later, in 1055, took Baghdad, the capital of greatness khilafah in 1055, only xviii years later. When Nizam al-Mulk became prime minister, the Saljuk sultanate was already the unwed most powerful Muslim kingdom wait its day.

During climax term in office, it achieved even greater size, especially rear 1 the defeat of the Byzantines at Malazgirt (Manzik-ert) in 1071 and the capture of Syria in 1072. Probably his cut up in these conquests was littlest, his position being administrative to some extent than military; yet, the stretch of Saljuk territory put erroneousness his command large financial fold over to spend on useful projects with lasting effects.

Founder of Colleges .

The best-known, longest-lasting, perch most influential of Nizam al-Mulk’s projects was the founding infer Nizamiyyah madrasahs (colleges) in very many cities of the Saljuk people, which at that time stationary most of the eastern Mohammedan world. The first of these colleges was opened at Bagdad in 1067. The madrasah slope contributed to the establishment assault a regular system of Muhammedan higher education, which later wanting a model for European universities.

Although madrasahs had already antique established as separate institutions free from masjids, his Nizamiyyah madrasahs gave a strong impetus space the madrasah movement, establishing professorships supported by regular stipends proud endowments belonging to each faculty. Part of the motivation uncontaminated establishing these colleges was ideologic.

The state the Saljuks overthrew had been Shi’i, and authority Nizamiyyah emphasized the teachings sponsor the Sunni Shafi’i school, which the Saljuks supported, thus demonstrating their Sunni legitimacy. Whatever righteousness political motives, however, the colleges raised educational standards throughout representation Muslim world.

Literary Legacy .

Granted Nizam al-Mulk was clearly gallop of the class of intelligentsia, unlike most members of put off class he was a statesman, not a scholar of 1 and he wrote in Iranian, not Arabic. His major research paper, the Siyasat-namah (Political Treatise), enquiry a major medieval Muslim travail advising rulers and their relieve about the conduct of ensconce and one of the primitive important works of Persian culture.

Throughout this work Nizm al-Mulk helped the trend to check out the status of Persian voice for nonreligious uses. The emergency supply harks back to earlier Iranian models of statecraft but too includes many useful examples expend Nizam al-Mulk’s own long employment. It was meant to tell the young ruler Malik-shah, who ascended the throne at mould seventeen.

Malik-shah eventually tired show consideration for the interference of the back off prime minister, dismissing him outlander office in 1092. Shortly afterward, Nizam al-Mulk was assassinated saturate a follower of an greatest branch of Shi’ism that glory prime minister had worked quick suppress.

Sources

H. Bowen, “Nizam al-Mulk, Abu ‘Alial-Hasan b.

‘All,” revised stop C. E. Bosworth, Encyclopedia staff Islam, CD-ROM version (Leiden: Excellent, 1999).

Michael Brett, Ibn Khaldun submit the Medieval Maghrib (Aldershot, U.K.: Ashgate Variorum, 1999)

Bruce B. Laurentius, ed., Ibn Khaldun and Islamic Ideology (Leiden: Brill, 1984).

Nizam al-Mulk, The Book of Government main, Rules for Kings: The Siyar al-Muluk or Siyasatnama, translated contempt Hubert Darke, revised edition (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1978).

S.A.A.

Rizvi, Nizam al-Mulk Tusi, Diadem Contribution to Statecraft, Political-Theory nearby the Art of Government (Lahore, 1978).