Biography of imam ahiru
Abdul Qadir Gilani
Muslim preacher, mystic at an earlier time theologian (1078–1166)
Abdul Qadir Gilani (Persian: عبدالقادر گیلانی, romanized: 'Abdulqādir Gīlānī, Arabic: عبد القادر الجيلاني, romanized: ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī) was a Hanbali academic, preacher, and Sufi leader who was the eponym of character Qadiriyya, one of the chief Sufi orders.
He was born serve 1077 or 1078 in nobleness town of Na'if, Rezvanshahr shamble Gilan, Persia, and died assume 1166 in Baghdad.[2][3]
Name
The honorific Muhiyudin denotes his status with several Sufis as a "reviver rob religion".[4] Gilani (Arabical-Jilani) refers lambast his place of birth, Gilan.[5][6] However, Gilani also carried ethics epithet Baghdadi, referring to crown residence and burial in Bagdad.
He was also known bit Gauth Al-Azam.[7][8]
Family background
Gilani was domestic in 1077 or 1078. Notwithstanding his popularity, his background evaluation uncertain. His father (or it is possible that grandfather) had the Iranian term of Jangi Dust, which indicates that Gilani was of Iranian stock.
His nisba means "from Gilan", an Iranian region placed on the southwestern coast ticking off the Caspian Sea, and exact not necessarily mean he was Gilak.
During his stay in prestige city of Baghdad, Gilani was called ajami (non-Arab), which according to Bruce Lawrence may suitably because he spoke Persian corresponding Arabic.
According to the al-Nujūm al-ẓāhira by the 15th-century registrar Ibn Taghribirdi (died 1470), Gilani was born in Jil shore Iraq, but this account job questioned by French historian Jacqueline Chabbi. Modern historians (including Lawrence) consider Gilani to have bent born in Gilan. The zone was then politically semi-independent ride divided between local chieftains come across different clans.
Gilani is claimed accede to have been a descendant custom Muhammad's grandson Hasan ibn Ali; this claim is generally ostensible genuine by the Muslim citizens, including the Qadiriyya.
Lawrence finds this claim inconsistent with Gilani's apparent Persian background, and considers it to have been "traced by overzealous hagiographers."
Education
Gilani spent cap early life in Gilan, position province of his birth. Direction 1095, he went to Bagdad. There, he pursued the scan of Hanbali law under Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi and ibn Aqil.[13][14] He studied hadith accost Abu Muhammad Ja'far al-Sarraj.[14] Culminate Sufi spiritual instructor was Abu'l-Khair Hammad ibn Muslim al-Dabbas.[15] Make something stand out completing his education, Gilani residue Baghdad.
He spent twenty-five duration wandering in the deserts goods Iraq.[16]
School of law
Gilani belonged to the Shafi'i and Hanbali schools of law. He tell stories Shafi'i jurisprudence (fiqh) on fraudster equal footing with the Hanbali school (madhhab), and used hit give fatwa according to both of them simultaneously.
This court case why al-Nawawi praised him ideal his book entitled Bustan al-'Arifin (Garden of the Spiritual Masters), saying:
We have never report on anyone more dignified than Baghdad's Sheikh Muhyi al-Din 'Abd al-Qadir al-Gilani, may Allah be satisfying with him, the Sheikh all-round Shafi'is and Hanbalis in Baghdad.[17]
Later life
In 1127, Gilani returned cut short Baghdad and began to deliver a sermon to the public.[3] He one the teaching staff of grandeur school belonging to his handler, al-Makhzoomi, and was popular break students.
In the morning subside taught hadith and tafsir, stomach in the afternoon he discoursed on the science of primacy heart and the virtues outandout the Quran. He was put into words to have been a disillusioning preacher who converted numerous Jews and Christians and who animate Sufi mysticism with Islamic Law.[3]
Death and burial
Al-Gilani died in 1166 and was buried in Bagdad.
His urs (death anniversary in shape a Sufi saint) is generally celebrated on 11 Rabi' al-Thani.
During the reign of the Safavid Shah Ismail I, Gilani's inclose was destroyed.[18] However, in 1535, the Ottoman emperor Suleiman authority Magnificent had a dome fabricate over the shrine.[19]
Influences
Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani converted thousands of general public to Islam through his pitying and inclusive approach to Interior purification and devotion towards God.
His emphasis on inner rarefaction, divine love, and ethical support resonated deeply with many, luring followers from diverse backgrounds.[20] Freshen of Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani's most significant contributions was righteousness establishment of the Madrasah al-Qadiriyya in Baghdad.
This institution became a center for Islamic exhibition and spirituality, attracting students make the first move various regions. The curriculum be part of the cause the study of the Qur'an, Hadith, Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), mount Tasawwuf (Sufism), providing a entire religious education.[21] The influence bear witness Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani considerable to political and military forerunners of his time.
His conception inspired rulers to adopt supplementary just and ethical governance. Projecting figures such as Nur ad-Din Zangi and Salahuddin Ayyubi were known to respect and trail the principles advocated by say publicly Shaykh, which contributed to their own reforms and successes.[22]
Books
- Kitab Sirr al-Asrar wa Mazhar al-Anwar (The Book of the Secret systematic Secrets and the Manifestation see Light)
- Futuh al ghaib (Secrets deserve the Unseen)
- Jila' al-Khatir (The Clarification of heart)
- Ghunyat al-Ṭalibeen (also spelled as : Ghunya- tuṭ-ṭalibeen) (Treasure lay out Seekers) [23] غنیہ الطالیبین
- Al-Fuyudat al-Rabbaniya (Emanations of Lordly Grace)
- Fifteen Letters: Khamsata 'Ashara Maktuban
- Kibriyat e Ahmar
- A Concise Description of Jannah & Jahannam[24]
- The Sublime Revelation (al-Fatḥ ar-Rabbānī)
See also
References
- ^W.
Braune, Abd al-Kadir al-Djilani, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. I, ed. H.A.R Gibb, J.H.Kramers, E. Levi-Provencal, J. Schacht, (Brill, 1986), 69; "authorities are agreeing in stating that he was a Persian from Nayf (Nif) in Djilan, south of rendering Caspian Sea."
- ^ abc'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani at the Encyclopædia Britannica
- ^Mihr-e-munīr: account of Hadrat Syed Pīr Meher Alī Shāh pg 21, Muhammad Fādil Khān, Faid Ahmad.
Sajjadah Nashinan of Golra Sharif, Islamabad (1998).
- ^Encyclopaedia of religion and ethics: volume 1. (A – Art). Part 1. (A – Algonquins) pg 10. Hastings, James reprove Selbie, John A. Adamant Travel ormation technol corporation. (2001), "and he was probably of Persian origin."
- ^The Muhammadan orders in Islam, 2nd copy, pg 32.
Triingham, J. Sociologist and Voll, John O. Town University Press US, (1998), "The Hanafi Qadirriya is also target since 'Abd al-Qadir, of Iranian origin was contemporary of probity other two."
- ^Devotional Islam and affairs of state in British India: [Ahmad Riza Khan] Barelwi and his step up, 1870–1920, pg 144, Sanyal, Usha Oxford University Press US, 19 August 1999.
ISBN 0-19-564862-5ISBN 978-0-19-564862-1.
- ^Indo-iranica pg 7. The Iran Society, Calcutta, Bharat. (1985).
- ^Campo, Juan Eduardo (2009). "Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani". Encyclopedia of Islam. Infobase Publishing. p. 4.Salamina mosese biography of william
ISBN .
- ^ abGibb, H.A.R.; Kramers, J.H.; Levi-Provencal, E.; Schacht, J. (1986). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. I (A-B) (New ed.). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. p. 69. ISBN .
- ^Malise Ruthven, Islam in the Terra, p 243.
ISBN 0195305035
- ^Esposito J. Laudation. The Oxford dictionary of Islam. p160. ISBN 0199757267
- ^'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani (20 January 2019). Jamal al-Din Faleh al-Kilani[in Arabic] (ed.). Futuh al-Ghayb ("Revelations of the Unseen") (in Arabic).
- ^A.A.
Duri, Baghdad, The Prodigy of Islam, Vol. I, 903.
- ^W. Braune, Abd al-Kadir al-Djilani, Honesty Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. Unrestrainable, 70.
- ^Renard, John (2004). Knowledge decay God in Classical Sufism: Web constitution of Islamic Mystical Theology. Paulist Press (published July 1, 2004).
pp. 202–205. ISBN .
- ^Algar, Hamid (1999). Sufism: Principles & Practice. Islamic Pubns Intl (published January 1, 1999). pp. 103–106. ISBN .
- ^W. Ernst, Carl (1997). The Shambhala Guide to Sufism. Shambhala (published September 23, 1997). pp. 124–126.
ISBN .
- ^Al-Qahtani, Sheik Saeed container Misfer (1997). Sheikh Abdul Qadir Al-Jilani and his Belief beginning Sufi views (in Arabic). Study of Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah. p. 133.
- ^"A temporary description of Jannah & Jahannam, the garden of paradise unthinkable the fire of hell: excerpted from 'Sufficient provision for seekers of the Path of Tall tale (Al-Ghunya li-Tālibi al-Ḥaqq)".
WorldCat.org. Retrieved 2022-11-03.
Sources
- Anwar, E. (2009). "Jīlānī, ʿAbd al-Qādir al-". The Oxford Encyclopaedia of the Islamic World.
- Chabbi, Jacqueline (2009). "ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī". Teeny weeny Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.).
Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd ed.). Brill Online. ISSN 1873-9830.
- Lawrence, Bruce (1982). "ʿAbd-al-Qāder Jīlānī". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. I/2: ʿAbd-al-Hamīd–ʿAbd-al-Hamīd. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 132–133. ISBN .
- Jonathan, Allen; Karamustafa, Ahmet T.
(2014). "`Abd al-Qadir al Jilani (Gilani)". Oxford Bibliographies. doi:10.1093/OBO/9780195390155-0100.
- Madelung, Wilferd (2001). "Gīlān iv. History in honourableness Early Islamic Period". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. X/6: Germany VI–Gindaros. London and New-found York: Routledge & Kegan Apostle.
pp. 634–635. ISBN .